Drive by daniel pink

The Puzzling Puzzles of Harry Harlow and Edward Deci Drive offers a new way to think about motivation. Most of what businesses, governments, and nonprofit organizations assume about human behavior, particularly about what motivates us, is wrong. Short-term incentives and pay-for-performance schemes come from outdated assumptions that favor external motivations (i. e. , rewards and punishments for behaving a particular way) overintrinsic motivations (i. e. , the Joy that comes from completing a task).Organizations that rely on external rewards and punishments do so at their peril. In two separate studies, psychologists Harry Harlow and Edward Deci found that external motivations negativelyimpacted performance for non-routine tasks. Although Harlow and Deci's results were robust, they were controversial and ignored. In the book, Drive, Dan Pink argues that it's time to get rid of the old operating system and replace it with a more scientifically accurate understanding of human behavior . Drive, is organized into three parts. Part One reveals how external motivations (a. . a. , carrot-and-stick incentives) can do more harm than good, except in tasks that have straightforward solutions and that equire adherence to a simple set of rules. It's time organizations move to a new mindset that embraces what Dan Pink calls Type I behavior (i. e. , behavior fueled by the inherent satisfaction of the task itself). Part Two examines the three building blocks of Type I behavior: autonomy (i. e. , our desire to be self-directed), mastery (i. e. , our urge to make progress and get better at what we do), and purpose (i. e. our yearning to contribute and to be part of something greater than ourselves).

Importance of Time Essay

Time is said to be eternal. It is said that it has neither a beginning nor an end. Yet men are able to measure it as years, months, days, hours, minutes and seconds. They have also given meanings to the words – past, present and future. True, time has a meaning. It moves.Yet time is said to have no holiday. It exists always. Every movement of creation is linked with time. One cannot grow paddy in a month nor can a child become an adult in a year. Everything is fixed . Time is a free force. It does not wait for any one. It is commonly said that time and tide waits for no man. Time is money. A minute not usefully spent is an eternal loss. You can never get back the lost minute. One has to strike the iron when it is hot. The time flies and never returns. If you waste time it wastes you. To utilize time fruitfully, we must take concrete steps as to how we are going to use it and what we are going to do with it. There is a proverb which says that killing time is not a murder; it is a suicide. It means, by wasting time one is not harming others. On the other hand one is harming himself. A man who is a part of nature cannot complain against time. Time is powerful. It conquers all. Men are only to obey it. Man cannot say that he has nothing of his own. Time which is valuable is all his own. If you are not on time and miss the train, you miss it fore-ever. So also the time, once you miss it, it flies off. You can never catch it. Hence it is called fleeting time. Let us learn to use our time fruitfully. This is the key to success because time can create us or destroy us. It all depends on how we utilize time.

Advantages And Disadvantages Of Case Studies Psychology Essay

Advantages And Disadvantages Of Case Studies Psychology Essay Qualitative approach Research methods are commonly divided into quantitative and qualitative research methods (Some researchers (Lee, 1991; Ragin, 1987) have suggested to combine these methods by triangulation). Qualitative research methods are designed to help researchers understand people and the social and cultural contexts within which they live. Kaplan and Maxwell (1994) argue that the goal of understanding a phenomenon from the point of view of the participants and its particular social and institutional context is largely lost when textual data are quantified. The strengths of qualitative research derive primarily from its inductive approach, its focus on specific situations or people, and its emphasis on words rather than numbers (Maxwell, 1996, p.17). A key difference between quantitative and qualitative research is that quantitative researchers work with a few (quantifiable) variables and many cases, whereas qualitative researchers rely on a few cases and many (primarily q ualitative) variables (Ragin, 1987). In this research a qualitative research approach is chosen for the following reasons. First, the nature of the research questions suggests a qualitative approach. They are as understanding of what are the factors that enable or inhibit people to share their knowledge. Second, the aim is to present a detailed understanding of the dynamics of sharing knowledge, requiring a focus on participants’ perspectives and their meaning. Third, knowledge-sharing individuals are studied in their natural setting. Knowledge sharing is a situated process, so removing participants from their organizational context would lead to findings that are out of context. And these contexts which determine the factors that enable o inhibit knowledge sharing process. The characteristics of qualitative methods are listed in Table 1 Characteristics 1, 2, 4 and 7 highlight the emphasis of qualitative data on providing richness of understanding of phenomenon in context (Du ncan, 1979; Yin, 1989). Quantitative methods â€Å"à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦by themselves may ignore much of the process phenomenon associated with a particular research question so that a real understanding of what’s happened may not exist† (Duncan, 1979, p.424). The use of qualitative data collection and analysis methods increases the likelihood that the advantages of case study method can be obtained. Table 1 Characteristics of qualitative methods 1. Qualitative research is inductive. 2. Researchers look at settings and subjects holistically. 3. The researchers are sensitive to their effects on subjects. 4. Researchers try to understand subjects from their own perspective. 5. Researchers try to set aside their own beliefs, perspectives and predispositions. 6. Researchers try to see all different perspectives of subjects as valuable. 7. Qualitative methods are humanistic. 8. Researchers emphasis validity as prime research criteria 9. Researcher sees all settings and subjects a s worthy of study. 10. Qualitative research is a craft. Source: This characteristics adapted from Taylor and Bogdan (1984, p.5-8). Interpretive research All research is based on some assumptions with respect to methodology the most pertinent philosophical assumptions are those that relate to the underlying epistemology guiding this research. And it refers to the assumptions about knowledge and how it can be obtained. Different classifications of epistemological assumptions exist (Guba and Lincoln, 1994). For explaining the underlying paradigm of this research, the three epistemological stands distinguished by Myers are used: positivist, interpretive and critical. Positivism claims that social life should be understood and analysed in the same way that scientists study the ‘natural world’. Positivists generally assume that reality is objectively given and can be described by measurable properties independent of the observer and of one’s instruments. Positivist stu dies generally attempt to test theory, in an attempt to increase the predictive understanding of phenomena. On the other hand the interpretive stand base is hermeneutics and phenomenology. Interpretive researchers start out with the assumption that access to reality (given or socially constructed) is only through social constructions such as language, consciousness and shared meanings. They generally attempt to understand phenomena through the meanings that people assign to them. Interpretive research does not predefine dependent and independent variables, but focuses on the full complexity of human sense making as the situation emerges.

Should gay marriage be legal Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Should gay marriage be legal - Essay Example One thing, which needs to be considered is that the number of gays living in the United States is very less as compared to the people who like to have relationship with the opposite gender. Therefore, giving freedom to such people to develop relationships with the same gender does not make a big difference. From the perspective of gays, some of the reasons that support gay marriages include strengthening of social concept of marriage, sexual freedom, and freedom of choice. Gay marriage has least concern with the morality since it promotes justice, freedom, and equality. If a person wants to spend his life with a person belonging to the same gender, no one should oppose it because every person has the right to do whatever he wants to do as long as his actions do not affect the rights of any other person. Therefore, gay marriages should be held legal because it does not affect the rights of others. Warren, Patrick. â€Å"Same Sex Couples Can Avoid Unnecessary Problems By Getting These Documents In Order Now.† Ezinearticles.com, 03 Aug. 2011. Web. 23 Sep. 2011.

Hollywood Cinema Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Hollywood Cinema - Essay Example cal implication of women getting more and more involved with cinema during the classical period of Hollywood, it is important to have a brief and a close grasp at the classical period of Hollywood cinema. In the film history, classical period refers strictly to a style of cinema that involved a particular visual and audio mode in production of cinema during the period between 1927 and 1963 in the American film industry. A very unique and identifiable style evolved in the cinema during this period and that style actually came to be known as classical Hollywood style. Developed on the principle of continuity editing which is also known as â€Å"invisible style†, the American cinema started gaining more popular grounds amid the masses. In a modernist or postmodernist works, visual arts did witness the call of attention between the camera and the sound recording. In the classical periods, these two main facets of the cinema making were placed completely at peace with each other ma king the presentation smoother and eloquent. It would be very unjustified action, if the cinemas produced during the classical period of Hollywood are judged under the light of feminist film theories. The movement of feminism in the cultural arena of America gained its strong grounds during 70s and the transition of silent cinema into a complete audio-visual mode was over by 60s itself. Yet, to trace the importance of women to cinema going during the classical period of Hollywood cinema, a thorough study of feminist interpretation of the cinema would definitely guide to the platform upon which the social importance of women to cinema going could be traced naturally. Theoretical film criticism developed on the matrix of feminist politics and feminist theory and an approach to cinema analysis of... As discussed in the introductory part of the essay, to comprehend the thesis pertaining to the sociological implication of women getting more and more involved with cinema during the classical period of Hollywood, it is important to have a brief and a close grasp at the classical period of Hollywood cinema. In the film history, classical period refers strictly to a style of cinema that involved a particular visual and audio mode in production of cinema during the period between 1927 and 1963 in the American film industry. A very unique and identifiable style evolved in the cinema during this period and that style actually came to be known as classical Hollywood style. Developed on the principle of continuity editing which is also known as â€Å"invisible style†, the American cinema started gaining more popular grounds amid the masses. In a modernist or postmodernist works, visual arts did witness the call of attention between the camera and the sound recording. In the classica l periods, these two main facets of the cinema making were placed completely at peace with each other making the presentation smoother and eloquent. This report makes a conclusion that cinema over the years have faced transition but irrespective of any gender, class or age Hollywood cinema have been able to enchant and engross millions of spectator across the globe. It is evident that the role of cinema into the life of women is far reaching. Once, who were captivated inside the four walls of their household, got their foremost chance of tasting liberty of thought process and a scope to gaze out to the world beyond the four walls of their house and watch the world with a new vision and perspective.

SHORT STORY QUESTIONS Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

SHORT STORY QUESTIONS - Assignment Example In the lines â€Å"and thinking nothing of it† (lines 45-46), the poem expresses how the author seems to want to have that innocence of a child, wondering how it is to be an adult, without any idea of the hardships. 2. Sexton’s life and death can make a reader view the poem as an expression of her unspoken sentiments. It seems Sexton relates to the time when she was young and carefree. Since she went through depression stages in her life, the poem could also be an expression of her thoughts on how she, like a child, tried to overcome the obstacles in her life and take giant steps to attain her goals. II. â€Å"To My Dear and Loving Husband† by Anne Bradstreet 1. In this poem, the line â€Å"If ever two were one, then surely we† is a personal favorite because it denotes the happiness and satisfaction of the wife in her married life. She considers herself one with her husband, which means her daily decisions are based on what is good for the household and th e family, and not merely for a specific individual. It also portrays how effectively the spouses are able to work on their marriage since the wife seems to know that her husband is also as happy as she is. It is a personal favorite because this bliss is a widely-coveted feeling in several unions. 2.

Human Resource Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words - 16

Human Resource Management - Essay Example Given the significant changes in the demand of a company’s goods and services, the number of required employees also changes. Human resource management plays a crucial role over the success of implementing organizational downsizing. In the absence of human resource management, it would be difficult on the part of the human resource managers to effectively handle employees when organization change becomes inevitable. As part of the study of human resource management, human resource managers are encouraged to have competitive leadership and communication skills. Aside from providing the readers a list of recommended solutions on how to minimize and prevent the lost of business opportunities associated with the negative consequences of implementing organizational downsizing strategy, this study will discuss the importance of using transformational and authentic leadership style which are suitable when implementing organizational downsizing. As an end result of globalization, many businesses today are restructuring their organizational and business approach in order to keep the local firms competitive in the local and global market. (Business Week, 1997) One of the most common restructuring strategies that aim to increase the efficiency of a company is organizational downsizing. Although many firms have enjoyed the benefits from organizational downsizing in terms of increasing the profitability of the company by reducing its operational cost and making its operational process more efficient, it remains inevitable that most encounter internal problems related to its existing employees. Each organizational downsizing event could result to predictable outcomes in terms of having similar issues related to the feelings of betrayal, loss of trust in the management of the company, and experiencing internal conflicts between the corporate management and employees in line with retaining and losing their job. (Strom, 2008) As a result, the lack

Provide an in-depth analysis of the Gong Lum v. Rice case Study

Provide an in-depth analysis of the Gong Lum v. Rice - Case Study Example Bayor asserts that Lum was denied a chance at Rosedale Consolidated High School because of her Chinese descent (45). This was in favor of the White students, who were allowed in this high school. The defendants in the case were responsible for her racial exclusion from the learning institution. The defendant included the Mississippi state superintendent, the board of trustees of the school, and Rice. The petitioners of the case indicate that there was no school that catered for the students of Chinese descent. The constitution of Mississippi stipulates that a common school fund should be available in every county to cater for the student needs. The fund ought to constitute of the taxation obtained from the public contributions and the apportionments from the treasury department. This fund is meant to support schools for four months. The plea of the case is based on the breach of this requirement of the constitution. This is because Rosedale Consolidated High School was an appropriate school for Martha Lum. More to that, her father was a taxpayer who also helped to support the running of the school as stipulated in the legislative document. This implied that denying her the right to attend and learn in Rosedale high school was tantamount to racial discrimination, which was not allowed by Mississippi’s constitution. In essence, the fact that Martha was educable is substantial for her to be allowed to progress in her education and career. According to Dickson, it is Martha’s constitutional right to access education given that she was not a member of the colored race (67). The colored race, especially Mongolians, was verboten in the Mississippi County. The court ruled that a writ of mandamus be invoked according to the petition filed to stop the hindering of Martha attending the school. The appeal of the defendants against the ruling of the supreme court of Mississippi culminated in a stern directive by the

Marketing Intelligence in the Vineyard Limited Company Assignment

Marketing Intelligence in the Vineyard Limited Company - Assignment Example Here, I can obtain valuable information about the status of the company at present. The most efficient and easy way would be accessing the data on the internet by typing the trade name â€Å"Vineyard Limited Company.org. Alternatively, I would simply Google, â€Å"industry research reports† to receive a lot of information on the company’s current status as well as uncovering various marketing analysis information. My next step would be to carry out a formal research project. This would make it possible for me to identify the perceptions of customers about behavior patterns of the company. I can do this by observing customers and the way they purchase foods and drinks from the company as well as using questionnaires. From the forester reports, I learned that Emails connects everything in the process of an interactive mix (VanBoskirk 10). I would, therefore, use simple and easy-to-follow mail questionnaires to get an extensive knowledge of current issues in Vineyard Limited and to enable respondents to complete the quizzes conveniently. They will be more willing to give family and personal sensitive issues for the reason that the mail feedback can be anonymous. Data analysis and interpretation would be my critical step in analyzing the company’s current state. I would use computer-based statistical packages to analyze the data. My last step would be to use the results to make a marketing conclusion about this company. Given that I have already obtained information from customers as outlined above, I would come up with a process to guide the company in the desired direction. For instance, I would constantly develop new breakfast cereals, where the product element is this new foodstuff itself.  

Information and Communication Technologies Research Paper

Information and Communication Technologies - Research Paper Example Over time customers have become more and more demanding when it comes to quality of food and of fine dining (Gundersen, Heide, & Olsson, 1996). Hoteliers have admitted that there is an increase in competition when it comes to restaurants and the quality of food being provided to the customer. One of the reasons of the increase in competition is the creation of new concepts. Moreover exposure given to chefs and cooking experts by media has significantly raised the expectations of customers (Boone, 2008). Furthermore food served at restaurants in a hotel tends to act as a factor in determining a hotel’s position in the market (Boone, 2008). A guest at a hotel tends to judge the hotel based on the dining experience that he or she has (Gundersen, Heide, & Olsson, 1996). Business objectives and strategies: The business objectives of the restaurant can be divided into two main categories increase revenue generated and cut down unnecessary expenditures of the restaurant. ... The second approach is based on arranging a celebrity night at the restaurant that would help attract a number of customers to the restaurants (Fine, 2010). Contacting celebrities would depend upon the restaurant owner’s PR and his or her network (Fine, 2010). The third approach would be marketing about the restaurant via the internet (Bailey, 2011). Online advertising would be the main tool used for promoting the restaurant over the internet (Janoschka, 2003). Through online marketing the management of the restaurant would be able to get its message across to a large number of potential customers (Janoschka, 2003). Online advertising makes use of social media websites, mobile advertising and display advertising (Janoschka, 2003). To help increase the profit margin a price vibration model would be implemented at the restaurant. The model is based on two basic activities. The first activity is to increase the prices on the menu when the traffic within the restaurant is at its h ighest peak, which is during lunch and dinner time (Schmidgall, Hayes, & Ninemeier, 2002). The second activity is regarding the improvement of the menu. The menu can be improved by removing all those items that are least favorites of the customers. By removing such items from the menu the restaurant would be able to reduce the cost of production and hence helping it increase its overall profit margin. Removing an item from the menu must only be done after a careful analysis (Schmidgall, Hayes, & Ninemeier, 2002). To achieve the third objective of the restaurant, that is to gain customer loyalty, various promotions and rewards would be offered to customers

Include strategies Essay Example for Free

Include strategies Essay Plan, implement and evaluate at least three activities for children in the foundation stage. You should ensure that across the three plans there are learning goals from each of the 6 areas of learning. Your plans should include strategies for differentiation.  Claire Field  Preston College  Introduction  The purpose of this work is to review the nature and content of the foundation stage curriculum and to consider the theoretical underpinning and underlying principles that have assisted in the formation of this early years practice. Through the planning and implementation of three activities, spanning the full spectrum of the foundation stage curriculum, the writer aims to identify and meet the needs of foundation stage children. This work will then evaluate the provisions for these children and investigate further the ways in which differentiation strategies can be implemented to ensure all children, regardless of their abilities, or stage of development, may receive the curriculum, delivered in a style appropriate to them and their own personal requirements. In 1988 the Conservative government, under the leadership of Margaret Thatcher, legislated that a National Curriculum be in force for pupils between the ages of 5 and 16, because she believed that  a good educational system was essential for the future  success of the nation (Ridley, 1992, p92)  Although a curriculum was in place for ages 5 to 16, there was a distinct lack of standardised learning for the early years. Margaret Hodge joined the Department for Education in 1998 and was responsible for reforming pre-school education policy (www.news.bbc.co.uk 12/10/2006). She was actively involved in the implementation of the Foundation Stage Curriculum in September 2000 and the publishing of the guidance to accompany this. The abilities of children are multifaceted and the foundation stage curriculum gives practitioners a much less rigid approach than the National Curriculum, by following the childrens progress using stepping stones. As the foundation stage curriculum is a government legislated policy, this means that all children should follow it. As it is flexible in the way in which it is implemented, it means that different types of settings can fashion the teaching methods to follow it in their own way. This means that whether a child attends a pre-school, an LEA nursery, a work-based nursery, or indeed a childminder, they are provided with the same curriculum. This is governed by Ofsted who maintain this proviso through their regular inspections. Good planning is essential in ensuring that all the practitioners involved can build a picture of the childrens development programme. Not only does it provide them with a premeditated programme of learning, but it also gives an opportunity for discussion to take place, where they can think about how they can progress children through the various stages of learning. For the practitioner to ensure all areas of the curriculum are covered, the planning must,  entail attention to overall (long-term) planning, medium  and short-term planningfor every aspect of every  lesson (Cohen et al, 2004, p125) Long term planning ensures that all the areas and aspects of learning within the curriculum are covered throughout the whole year and provides a template for the medium term planning. Correct use of the Curriculum Guidance for the Foundation Stage, together with the knowledge of the practitioners relating to the individual children, means that the children experience new and exciting ways to learn through play. The long term plans of the settings must be flexible. They should incorporate the schools ethos and provide for an enriched curriculum with scope for differentiation to allow inclusion. Medium term planning then identifies the specific topics of work to be covered over the term, or half term. From these the practitioner then sets out the weekly activity plans, to guarantee full coverage of the learning outcomes within the set topics. It is vital that the plans cover the whole of the six areas of learning and that the practitioner assesses the progress of the children, in order to make certain that they are all progressing to the best of their capabilities. Recording achievements as stepping stones enables early years practitioners to carry out assessments whilst the children are involved in activities, thus preventing the child having any knowledge that an appraisal of their skills and understandings is being undertaken. Planning and evaluating the success criteria of an activity allows the practitioner to be certain that every area of the curriculum is covered. Piaget introduced three principles of cognitive development and these apply to all of the subjects studied in this report. His first principle is assimilation. He says that children do not absorb all the information they encounter. They actively engage in the assimilation process and learn what is relevant to them at their stage of development. The schema stage is next. During this phase the children relate what they know already to their current situation. The third phase is where the child wishes to seek stability cognitively. He utilises the knowledge gained and applies it to make a general logical picture (Oakley, 2004). From this it is clear to see how the children gain the learning and knowledge applicable to them by interpreting activities in their own way.

GraduateWriters.net Mission to Help Students Achieve Academic Excellence Essay Example for Free

GraduateWriters.net Mission to Help Students Achieve Academic Excellence Essay PHOENIX, AZ, JUNE 24, 2014 /PRESSRELEASEPING/ ACADEMIC WRITING IS AN IMPORTANT ACTIVITY done by every student, at all level of education in order to satisfy course work requirement. Students are required to undertake a variety of academic writing task that could range from short essays, assignments, SAT, IELTS or lengthy term papers, dissertations and thesis. This type of writing could be done either under time demanding pressure or syllabus requirement. As a result students are expected to output a number of papers at the end of each day, week, semester or term. But such time demanding output doesn’t always guarantee quality of resultant paper, says Peter Wartson consultant at GraduateWriters. net. In fact a research by National Academic Council for Academic Excellence found that many students resort to borrowing or stealing the work of others in order to beat deadlines and as result the rate of plagiarism has become so common place, that if every student who plagiarized was to be flunked, the rate of dropout will be worse than that massive open online learning courses (MOOC). â€Å"With this in mind many students sort the services of freelance  academic writers, who are seen as the first level examiners. They guide students on how to structure their research papers, perform proof reading and help students to avoiding mistakes related to grammar, spelling, phrasing and plagiarism. states Peter, â€Å"Freelance academic writers, should not be confused with people who helps students achieve shortcut by doing their assignments, no they are honest writers who guide students the way a teacher will do†. While this may help students reduce stress related to academic demand, some concerns has  been raised concerning the qualification of writers who handle students’ academic work. Mary White an academic consultant at GraduateWriters. net, stated that â€Å"Students should look at the pool of writers a freelance company has, example GraduateWriter. net, is comprised of only graduate writers who have various qualification in their field of interest that range from MSc, MBA, MRes, EM, LLM, MEng, MA, Phd, and DS. At that company, writers undergo series of test approved by our senior writers to ascertain academic prowess and professional skills in writing and research. The advantage of this pool of workforce is that clients are always guaranteed the best quality writing and editing service, which cannot be found elsewhere on the Internet. Writers are specialist, with background in Education, Medicine, Nursing, Finance, Communication, Media, Arts, Humanities, Social Sciences, Engineering, IT, Law etc. Other qualities that prospective student should look at before selecting an academic writing company include privacy and security, originality, timeliness, quality, revision policy, orders tracking, support and response to queries. A lot of emphasis should be placed on privacy as it is not only a right but a demand that every users online should be guaranteed of. If an online company published a student paper online, without their formal approval, it could lead to plagiarism and dismissal from school. Therefore students should look for companies that adhere with privacy policies and not let third party have access to their client papers. articulates Peter. ABOUT GRADUATEWRITERS. NET Graduate Writers is an academic editing and writing company that help student in carrying out  research work, gives advice on writing, referencing and proof reading. The company is composed of Graduate writers with specialties in field which can be advantageous to students. PO Box 89670 Phoenix, AZ Peter Wartson Graduate Writers LLC +1-480-409-1822 [emailprotected] net http://graduatewriters. net Source URL: http://pressreleaseping. com/graduatewritersnet-mission-help-students-achieve-academic- excellence.

What Is Meant By The Age Of Enlightenment Criminology Essay

What Is Meant By The Age Of Enlightenment Criminology Essay John Howard- was a county squire, social activist, and sheriff of Bedfordshire. He had great influence in improving sanitary conditions and securing humane treatment in prisons throughout Europe. He was responsible for persuading the House of Commons to enact a set of penal reform acts. Along with others, Howard drafted the Penitentiary Act of 1779, which called for the creation of houses of hard labor where people convicted of crimes that would otherwise have earned them a sentence of transportation would be imprisoned for up to 2 years. Prisoners were to be confined in solitary cells at night but were to labor silently in common rooms during the day. The twofold purpose of the penitentiary was to punish and to reform offenders through solitary confinement between intervals of work, the inculcation of good habits, and religious instruction so that inmates could reflect on their moral duties. 4 principles Secure and sanitary structure Systematic inspection Abolition of fees Reformatory regimen New penal institution should be a place not merely y o f industry but also of contrition and penance All these influences created a major change in the practice of the penal system. Penal codes were rewritten to emphasize adaption of punishment to the offender. Correctional practices moved away from inflicting pain to the body towards methods that would set eh individual on a path of honesty and right living. Conclusively, a penitentiary was developed where criminals could be secluded from the enticements of society, think about their crimes, and therefore be rehabilitated. The end result of the Enlightment era was that prisoners were tortured less but forced to suffer longer, more psychologically tormenting, stays of imprisonment. 4. Discuss the concept of crime as a moral disease. What is meant by this? What are the implications? How did this affect the idea of imprisonment and prison? Morality is a set of principles concerning the distinction between right and wrong or good and bad behavior. Crime as a moral disease means that crime happens because of a choice based on bad values by the offender. In other words it could be described as a disease of the mind. Crime is the result of your surroundings and values that make you choose to do what you do. Criminals were viewed as the victims of social disorder. It came about during the age of the penitentiary in the 19th century America. While alcohol was one of the biggest social problems, psychic disorder, opium addictions and general public and moral disorder offenses started to become increasingly common. Crimes of violence, property offenses (theft and burglary) were increasing. (Bloomberg Lucken) Crime was additionally attached to social factors. Four reformers during this time gave their ideas: Gresham Powers claimed that the causes of crime can be found in the rapid growth of wealth, population size, immigration and commerce and manufacturing (Bloomberg Lucken). Edward Livingston claimed that crime was product of intemperance, laziness, ignorance, irreligion and poverty (Bloomberg Lucken). John Griscom found crime to be in the context of bad parenting and that parents allow children to do what they want without restraints and limits (Bloomberg Lucken). Lastly, Thomas Eddy claimed that crime could be traced to excessive passions like lust, greed or violence. These passions overpower the qualities of reason and rationality. (Bloomberg Lucken) Each one of these reformers suggested various reasons as to why crime was existing using social factors like the community and attitudes of those communities and upbringings as the causes. The many assertions of what the causes of crime basically implicated three different foundations: broken family, intemperance and a general bad environment: (Bloomberg Lucken). Therefore, when you put all three of these sources together, the crimes that occurred during this time period held that a tainted community filled with temptation and evil promoted morally weak surroundings which contributed to morally weak people who cant resist the social evils. In the mid 1800s society was in decline. (Bloomberg Lucken) Things were not going good around this time. As a result, when you have a broken family and you live in a bad environment, people do not know right from wrong. The morality of the environment you live in mixed with temptations will make someone steal or burglarize a home. The morality of what is inherently good and bad was never instilled so the morality of the person is weak. Therefore, these offenders behaviors are seen as a moral disease. The cure for moral disease was a moral science. This concept affected the idea of imprisonment and prison because it was presumed that scientific advancement that treat physical disorders could be employed to treat evil. Dr. Benjamin Rush was a famous physician at the time and believed crime as an infectious disease. Rush along with other doctors medicalized pretty much all behaviors. He taught that disease was a habit of wrong action and habits that cause harm are diseases. Crime can ultimately be cured and the injection against evils and crime first need strong discipline and the shutting down of any establishments of bad character. Any influences that can corrupt the mind need to be removed in order for one to get better (Bloomberg Lucken). As a result, Rush suggested the idea of a House of repentance. Imprisonment and prisons took on the The House of repentance which helped the prisoner meditate on their crimes, experience remorse, and undertake rehabilitation. These ideas turne d into the Pennsylvania System and later led to a penitentiary in hopes to create a repentant facility with solitary confinement. Prison basically became a place to think about what you have done day in and day out and ask forgiveness for your evil acts of crime. American Penology: A history of Control (Enlarged Second Edition), Bloomberg, Thomas Lucken, Karol 6. What is the medical model of penology? What was its approach? How did this translate into real world applications? Did it work- why or why not? Prisons in our society have gone through many transformations and modifications. When one design does not work we change it for a new one in hopes of better outcomes. Our prison systems have shifted their focus from punishment to rehabilitation then from reentry and reintegration back to incarceration. Along the way, the demands of the criminal justice system changed and prison models were developed to help crime rates diminish. In 1929, the idea to have institutions that target rehabilitation as its main goal was introduced. Prisons were to convert into something similar to a mental hospital that would rehabilitate and assess the offender for readiness to go back into. Therefore, in the 1950s the medical model started to become widespread regarding this idea. The medical model is the model of corrections based on the belief that criminal behavior is caused by social, psychological, or biological defects that require treatment. Crime was seen as a moral disease and viewed criminals as victims of social disorder. This model was the first genuine effort to apply medical strategies that aimed directly at scientifically classifying, treating, and rehabilitating criminal offenders. The offenders in this model were dealt with on an individual basis to establish the cause or causes of their criminal behavior. The approach this model took was to figure out why a person committed their crime and what could be done to fix it. The individual treatment was based on what the science of penology decided was needed. Prisons and jails were the ones diagnosing the causes of crime (drug abuse, alcohol abuse, etc). They were also the ones recommending programs and procedures to cure the illnesses. Many of the programs applied by the model: home confinement, halfway houses, pre-release centers, parole, mandatory release and work programs. Additionally, the new penology procedures included: psychotherapy, shock therapy, behavior modification, counseling and group therapy. The offenders criminal history, personality and their unique needs were taken into account to figure out how to fix their illness. Furthermore, the medical model of corrections was designed and aimed to treat criminals illnesses with expectations that when they are released, the offender is cured and will not recidivate. The applicable programs and procedures of the medical model had an admirable goal of helping offenders find solutions to what caused them to commit crimes and apply them. Unfortunately, the model was unsuccessful and it came to an end. One reason the model did not work was because of budget problems. Many states adopted the medical model but only in name. Even when the model was at its highest point, most states didnt assign any more than five percent of the budget towards rehabilitation. The medical model was also said to be forced and encouraging dishonesty. The participation of the model was all mandatory instead of voluntary. Offenders had to take their medications and treatments whether they wanted to or not. As a result, the inmates knew what to do if they wanted to get out of prison or jail. They knew if they displayed good behavior and did the treatments and therapies needed, they would be released. Dishonesty amongst the inmates seemed to be seen as encouraged because of this. 7. What accounts for the growth of prisons in the U.S.? Give at least 3 explanations along with specific examples. Are these valid explanations- why/why not? There are many things that account for the growth of prisons in the U.S. Three things in particular are the new penal policies that happened in the get-tough era, inequality of poor, disadvantaged men and recidivism and violations of probation and parole. In 2009, three are 2,429,299 people in federal, state, and local prisons and jails which is the highest incarceration rate in the world (http://www.drugpolicy.org/drug-war-statistics ). One reason is the get-tough-on-crime laws that boosted an increase in prisons. The laws include mandatory sentencing, three strikes, truth-in-sentencing and more that result in longer and harsher penalties. So why would this be a reason for prison growth? Well the aggressive policing in minor crimes like shoplifting, drug possession or other minor offenses traps people in the three-strikes-laws for repeat offenders. The three-strike laws establish mandatory twenty-five years imprisonment which mandates longer sentences for repeat offenders. Another example is the mandatory minimum sentences from 1986 that are basically fixed sentences to those convicted of a crime, regardless of culpability or other mitigating factors. Mandatory minimums were used to catch drug distributions and most people in a mandatory sentence are low-level drug offenses. If caught on drug possession charged you are going away for a minimum of fifteen years no questions or arguments. This is valid because accordi ng to the Drug Policy Alliance, more than 80 percent of the increase in the federal prison population from 1985 to 1995 was because of drug convictions (http://www.civilrights.org/publications/justice-on-trial/sentencing.html). Additionally, the three-strike laws are also non-violent repeat offenders. As a result, prisons are constantly trying to make room for all these non-violent offenders and releasing violent felons because these laws say that minor offenses must be tough and the offender must serve their time in prison rather than rehabilitation. The reason for these laws was to stop violent criminals, but the opposite is taking place and minor offenses by offenders are sent to prison longer than those who commit violent acts. Mandatory minimum sentencing and the three-strike laws were very hard mostly on drug offenses. The War on Drugs was brought to stop the selling, manufacturing and importing of illegal drugs. The two sentencing types led to the increase of drug offenders to fill the prison systems. The Number of people arrested in 2011 in the U.S. on nonviolent drug charges: 1.53 million (http://www.drugpolicy.org/drug-war-statistics ). A second reason for the growth of prisons in the U.S is due to the inequality of poor, disadvantaged men. According to Punishment and Inequality in America by Bruce Weston says that unemployment, family instability, and neighborhood disorder combine to produce especially high rates of violence among young black men. Poverty Poverty cycles create prisoners. Entire demographic groups which are categorized as living at or below the poverty level in most studies reflect an individual from that generational group going to prison or jail. During the past 25 years, there has been a widening gap in America between the haves and have nots. Once a person has been jailed or incarcerated, they are categorized by most employers as third class citizens, which limits their opportunities to climb out of a cycle of poverty years after their release. The cultural group impacted the most is African-Americans. A third reason is recidivism and technical violations of probation and parole. There are so many people out on probation and parole that parole and probation violations increases which makes them go back into prison. Serious technical violation like the repeated failure to report, violent crime a pattern of misbehavior can land a person on probation or parole back in in prison. As we know, there are not many rehabilitation programs that help the offenders reintegrate back into society. Therefore, when prisoners are released back into society they just recidivate and end up back in prison. This causes a growth of prisons in the U.S. There are two specific statistical examples to show the rates of recidivism: Of the 272,111 persons released from prisons in 15 states in 1994, an estimated 67.5% were rearrested for a felony or serious misdemeanor within 3 years, 46.9% were reconvicted, and 25.4% resentenced to prison for a new crime. (http://bjs.gov/index.cfm?ty=tptid=17 ) Released prisoners with the highest re-arrest rates were robbers (70.2%), burglars (74.0%), larcenists (74.6%), motor vehicle thieves (78.8%), those in prison for possessing or selling stolen property (77.4%), and those in prison for possessing, using, or selling illegal weapons (70.2%). (http://bjs.gov/index.cfm?ty=tptid=17 ) This argument is valid because these statistics plus many more show how offenders are cycling in and out of the criminal justice system. Not only do we have new offenders but now old offenders who cannot cycle out of the system.

Measurement - Mathematic Reform :: essays research papers fc

Part A: Content Goals for Measurement in Grades 3-5   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Most students enter grade 3 with enthusiasm for, and interest in, learning mathematics. In fact, nearly three-quarters of U.S. fourth graders report liking mathematics (NCTM, 143). This can be a very critical time in keeping children interested in what they are learning. If the work turns too monotonous and uninteresting it can have a negative effect on their perceptions of the subject later in life. If students in grades three through five are given mathematic material that is interesting it can help keep their enthusiasm toward the subject. One of the major content areas that is covered at this time is measurement. Measurement is one of the ways that teachers can introduce students to the usefulness and practicality of mathematics. Measurement requires the comparison of an attribute (distance, surface, capacity, mass, time, temperature) between two objects or to a known standard. Measurement also introduces students to the important concepts of precision, approx imation, tolerance, error and dimension. Instructional programs from prekindergarten through grade twelve should enable students to understand measurable attributes of objects and the units, systems, and processes of measurement. Also, apply the appropriate techniques, tools, and formulas to determine measurements (NCTM, 171). This paper will describe how those ideas are developed in grades three through five.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The first and most basic standard for measurement at this level is being able to understand measurement attributes that we use on a daily basis. Some of these attributes include length, area, weight, volume, and size of an angle. Knowledge of these variables is very important because they are ideas that will be used regularly throughout their lives. When students attain a better understanding of these measurement variables the next objective is to have them decipher the correct way to measure them. Choosing the appropriate unit to measure variables such as length, area, and weight can be just as important as knowing their meaning. For example, knowing that length is the distance between two points is irrelevant if a student tries to measure it with an angle or area. Knowing the proper way to measure a variable is very important. This idea also brings into perspective the standard of measurement that deals with understanding the need for standard units, or a basic way to describe an attribute. This requires students to become familiar with standard units in the customary and metric systems.

John B. Watson Essay -- Psychology, Behaviorism

John Broadus Watson was a famous American psychologist who lived between 1878 and 1958. He was born in Greenville, South Carolina to Pickens and Emma Watson and was the fourth of six children. The family was not well off financially and John did not have an easy childhood. In spite of the poverty that engulfed the family, John’s father turned into an alcoholic who cared less for his family. However, Emma, John’s mother was a devoted religious woman who struggled to take care of her children with less support from her husband. In 1891, John’s father left the family and disappeared after engaging in extra marital affairs with other women. The infidelity strained his marriage with Emma and the relationship with his children. After the disappearance of his father, John became unruly and confused due to the lack of full parental care of both parents. He became defiant at school and did not want to listen to advice from his teachers. He bullied fellow students and was involved in other antisocial behaviors which were quite unacceptable in the school environment, further more he became violent and even rebelled against his mother (Buckley, 1989). Watson’s negative attitude towards education did not last forever and it changed after he was accepted to Furman University where he began his training at the age of sixteen in 1894. John’s life started to turn around with his enrollment and the help of his professor Gordon Moore. He later developed a positive attitude towards academic work since he realized that he could at least now contribute to the community regardless of the social class of his family. His academic performance was quite brilliant and he graduated from Furman University with a master’s degree in 1899. He later enrolled at... ...ormation is introduced even if the previous pattern of behavior has been already established by reinforcement (Cherry, 2011). In conclusion, the theory of behaviorism is based on observable behaviors for easier quantification and data collection. Effective techniques such as behavior intervention and discrete trial training originate from this school of thought. The approaches are very essential in altering the maladaptive behaviors in adults and children (Cherry, 2011). Today, conditioning and the use of reward and punishment are used to help people learn accepted behavior and in other cases to help them stop problematic behavior (Coon & Mitterer, 2008). This has made behavior modification and training easy and possible. Therefore, Dr. John Watson played a tremendous role in the transition of psychology from the work of earlier scholars to the modern scholars.

Ted Hughes’s Pike versus Sylvia Plath’s Mirror Essay -- Ted Hughes Syl

Hughes’s â€Å"Pike,† Plath’s â€Å"Mirror† Abstract: Sylvia Plath’s 1961 poem â€Å"Mirror† can be read as a rejoinder to Ted Hughes’s 1958 poem â€Å"Pike.† Plath shrinks her husband’s mythic grandeur to reveal a psychodrama of the self as a vanishing faà §ade. Sylvia Plath’s 1961 poem "Mirror" builds up to the appearance of a terrible fish, an internalized counterpart of the watching consciousness under the dark pond of Ted Hughes's 1958 poem "Pike." Whereas Hughes's poem evokes the spirit of the place and the genetic residue of England's violent past, a version perhaps of Clarence's dream of the sea of fish-eaten victims of the Wars of the Roses in Shakespeare's history play Richard III, and the sunless sea from where ancestral voices prophecy war in Coleridge’s â€Å"†Kubla Khan,† Plath's "Mirror" narrates a lifetime of interactions with a nameless, faceless woman and imagines aging as disfigurement. In Hughes’s poem, pike are both weapons (cf. a â€Å"pike† as an instrument of warfare) and vital presences in the physical world that provide inspiration for his poetic vocation. In Plath’s poem, a fish resides in the mirror, a monstrous figuration of coming to recognize oneself as an aging, vanishing faà §ade. The poet speaks through the voice of her mirror. Exploring timeless, primitive, ruthless fish, â€Å"Pike† chronicles a series of vignettes that, observes Matthew Fisher, begin in plain diction, giving an objective, scientific description: â€Å"Pike, three inches long, perfect/ Pike in all parts, green tigering the gold.† The word â€Å"tigering† in the second line, pace Fisher, perhaps evokes William Blake’s â€Å"Tiger, tiger, burning bright/In the forest of the night,† an image of the destructive, devouring element of Creation. The green and go... ...Hughes’s Pike,† Explicator 47:4 (Summer 1989): 58-59. Freud, Sigmund. (1919) â€Å"The ‘Uncanny’,† trans. James Strachey, Standard Edition of the Complete Psychological Works of Sigmund Freud, ed. James Strachey (London: Hogarth, 1955), XVII: 218-252. Hughes, Ted. Collected Poems, ed. Paul Keegan (London: Faber, 2004). Hughes, Ted. Letter to Leonard and Esther Baskin, January 1959 (London: British Library manuscripts). Hughes, Ted, ed. Sylvia Plath, Collected Poems (New York: HarperPerennial 1982). Keegan, Paul, ed., Ted Hughes, Collected Poems (London: Faber, 2004). Plath, Sylvia. Collected Poems, ed. Ted Hughes (New York: 1982). La Belle, Jenijoy. Herself Beheld: The Literature of the Looking Glass (Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 1988). Porter, David, â€Å"Beasts/Shamans/Baskin: The Contemporary Aesthetics of Ted Hughes,† Boston Review 22 (Fall 1974): 13-25.

The Men We Carry in Our Minds

The Men We Carry in Our Minds Scott Russell Sanders In his essay â€Å"The Men We Carry in Our Minds,† Scott Russell Sanders examines the problems that exist between gender inequalities. These problems mainly took place during the early 20th  century. Men had the choice of either being factory workers or soldiers, while women only had the option of staying home. Sanders uses  argumentative strategies  to help the reader establish and see clearly the difficulties between this issue.His essay expresses how only certain men were forced to do hard labour in order to provide for their family, while others just had it handed to them. He also argues about how women were never given the equal opportunity to follow their dreams and were told that only men were capable of being successful. As a child, Sanders witnessed many men go through the same routine of life, being forced to do hard labour in order to support their families. He knew men such as marginal farmers, carpenters, s teel workers and many others who all laboured with their bodies.But he also knew of another sort of men, â€Å"†¦ men, who did not sweat and break down like mules† (Sanders, 326). These other sorts of men were soldiers. To Sanders they appeared like they barely worked at all. But he later learned that these men would soon be off to war, to fight for their lives and for their country. At first, appearance meant everything but later Sanders learned that it wasn’t just hard working men who had hardship, every man did. Sanders was given an opportunity that many in his social class were rarely given.He was offered a scholarship into college, which taught him the different views of people towards life. Being in college allowed him to interact with different types of people, especially women and these interactions opened his views into the issues that concerned many women. He learned how women were tired of always being in the shadow of men, and that they wanted to be re cognized as their own individuals. Sanders soon realized that the main influence towards these women views were the men in their lives.The fathers who brought them up and taught them that only men were capable of being successful. Women strongly believed that they had equal rights of being as successful as men. From the interactions with women around him, Sanders finally realized that women were just as equal, but to society it was still the same. In the end men were to be seen more successful than women. Scott Russell Sanders. â€Å"The Men We Carry in Our Minds. † Essay Writing for Canadian Students with Readings. 6th ed. Eds. Kay L. Stewart, roger Davis, Chris J. Bullock, and Marian E. Allen. Toronto ON: Pearson, 2008. 324-329

What Is Wpa

What is the WPA program? Will it help the parsimony? What be the advantages and Disadvantages? How much does it cost? These atomic number 18 all questions around Americans subscribe to when Obama mean to bring back the fiddle arm presidency (WPA). I am waiver to tell you what WPA is and the pros and cons of it. During the Great Depression, anxious that the dole non become narcotic, in professorship Franklin D. Roosevelts words, the U. S. Congress in 1935 created the WPA to portion out $5 1 cardinal million for public whole kit and boodle. The WPAs remnant was to employ as many slew as possible on ciphers that would append huge-term benefit to local communities.This created railway lines to build bridges in disrepair, parks in shambles and raft boarded-up buildings. Ideally, workers would also receive on-the- product line culture to prepargon them for further employ workforcet. For example, the WPA made a significant impact on Oklahoma. At the end of the day, of 166,000 Oklahomans certified for WPA jobs approximately 119,000 were busy at some point amidst 1935 and 1937. Including those recruited into a special drought-relief work program, more than than half the states work relief recipients were farmers. To realize that common soldier employment remained appealing, get wind proceeds were lower than typical rates.Organized campaign complained that the received bungling rate of xviii cents an hour depressed all employs. The plant Progress Administration (renamed during 1939 as the Work Projects Administration WPA) was the largest and most determined peeled deal agency, employing millions of unskilled workers to carry out public works projects. This is the same project Obama is trying to reinstate to give away the millions of out of work Americans today economic relief, a mod deal, cardinal that keeps unemployment below double digits by focusing on refurbishing the United States. exchangeable most notions or strategie s at that place are pros and cons.The pro to this New Deal is the follow of jobs that go away be created. The economic recoery bill by Democrats would spend devil years putting more than 4 million Americans to work. Private corporations and city governances require already prepared more than 30,000 shovel-ready projects that subscribe to federal funding. But do we get along what jobs depart be provided or do we care? During the Great Depression, in our nations capital, more than 100 men were pay to frighten off pigeons. In Brooklyn, men and women worked as fire hydrant decorators. And in Boston, the government sponsored a project to fall upon look for chowder.Indian tribes were paid to create parvenue totem poles and other artifacts. Does this matter? What skills entrust they have once the WPA is over? For now, the $825 one million million economic recovery plan doesnt get likewise specific about the jobs that might be available to the unemployed. But with $90 bil lion assigned for organization investment, this being said, wrench worker, a transportation expert or just about anyone who works at an airport can expect better times ahead. Retrofitting federal buildings with up-to-date applied science to save energy costs is a priority. 19 billion has been plant digression for clean water, flood control and environmental restoration investments and ensuring that the United States builds on its digital capacity according to Ross Eisenbrey, the vice president of the Economic Policy Institute. Unlike the original WPA, which wrote checks directly to employees, the new bill is set up so that 90 per centum of the projects testament be privately imbibe by corporations or nonprofits, which will pose in proposals or bid on existing government contracts. Instead of the federal government assigning jobs, qualified workers will be pursued by project managers.The WPA employed more than 8. 5 million people at a sum up cost of some $11 billion in its e ight years. It conducted more than 1. 4 million separate construction projects that make over 650,000 miles of roads, nearly 1,000 bridges, 125,000 buildings, 8,000 parks, over 800 airplane landing strips, 3,000 tennis courts, 3,300 storage dams, and 5,800 restless libraries. Bringing this program back will bring the U. S. out of the depression we are in now. During the first WPA there was a problem of race and uneven cook up will this be issues again? uneven distri exclusivelyion of give way was along regional and racial lines.The national monthly WPA wage in 1936 was $52, but in the southernmost it was $23. WPA regulations stipulated that a prospective WPA worker could not ref physical exertion private employment at pass rates prevailing in his/her community. Since the prevailing wage was lower for blacks, blacks refusing a $3 a week private job might be denied WPA employment. I know that this was a completely incompatible time period but lets be honest there are still cl ose given(p) people and this might be some other issue or injustice to consider. at that place are several different opinions on how our country should be ran, some accommodate with the WPA programs and others do not understand it.This is one opinion, the logic of WPA has got me totally baffled if a nation can afford to pay people to do infrastructure service via WPA, presumably it can afford to pay regular contractors to do the same thing. And the last mentioned would do the job more efficiently than WPA. Is spend money on other government program a disadvantage? Then it means we have excess hundreds of billions of dollars, piling up additional debt for us and our children. Ralph Musgrave. If the money the government is freeing to use to create more jobs is not full investments, what happens?No just good investments but long enough, will we being going through this again in 50 years. Other questions are will the WPA spending be quick enough to piss the economy? As I state above, more than 100 men were paid to scare off pigeons. In Brooklyn, men and women worked as fire hydrant decorators. And in Boston, the government sponsored a project to make fish chowder. While the WPA created a job for these individuals, what trait or skill were they sibyllic to use after the program was over? If Obama wants to bring this program back we need to create more jobs with better skills. alone this being said I am for the WPA coming back as long as we work out the miner kinks. Bringing this program back will bring the U. S. out of the depression we are in now. The Works Progress Administration (renamed during 1939 as the Work Projects Administration WPA) was the largest and most determined new deal agency, employing millions of unskilled workers to carry out public works projects. If Obama reinstates this program millions of unemployed Americans today will be in economic relief. We need a new deal, one that keeps unemployment around four percent by focusing on restoring the United States.

Explain Benthams Utilitarianism

Explain Benthams Utiliarianism (30 marks) The theory of utilitarianism was put forward entierly by Jeremy Bentham, who wrote virtually Ethics and Politics. He was a companionable reformer keen to improve the lives of the working class. some(prenominal) of the improvements made in the treatments of criminals in the 18th and nineteenth centuries were the responses of Benthems ethics. Bentham believed that which is good is that which equals the superlative sum of entertainment and the least sum of suffering. (Hedonism). We can divide his theory into one-third parts His view on what drove adult male beings, and what goodness and badness was all about. ( The motivating of valet de chambre beings)The principle of utility, which is his moral ruleThe voluptuous calculus, which is his system for measuring stick how good or bad the consequence is.The motivation of human beingsBentham maintained that human beings were motivated by fun and cark, and so he can be called a hedonist. He said, in principles of morals and legislation, reputation has placed mankind underthe governance of two monarch butterfly masters, hurting and merriment. It is for them alone to point out what we ought to do, as well as to determine what we shall do The principle of utilityOnce Bentham had set up that pleasure and distress were important qualities for determining what was moral, he developed the utility principle. The rightness or unworthiness of an natural process is determined by its utility or usefulness, return refers to the amound of pleasure or happiness caused by the twistion hence it is a teleogical ethical theory which determines a good act by the ends it brings about. The theory is know as the greatest happiness principle, or a theory of usefulness.An action is right if it produces th greatest good for the greatest number, where the greatest good is the greatest pleasure or happiness and the least pain or sadness, and the greatest number are the mass of pil e. When faced with a moral dilemma, Bentham argued that one should chose an act in such a way that brings about the maximum possible happiness for the most people. withal the possible consequences of different possible actions must be measured clearly to establish which option generates he most pleasure and the least pain. To measure the results, Bentham proposed the hedonic calculus This calculus wassupposed to measure the amounts of pleasure and pain according to seven factors. The seven factors1. chroma How intense is the pleasure or pain? 2. continuation How long does the pleasure or pain subsist? 3. Certainty What is the luck that the pleasure or pain will occur? 4. Propinquity or farawayness How far off in the future is the pleasure or pain? 5. Fecundity What is the probability that the pleasure will lead to other pleasures 6. Purity What is the probability that the pain will lead to other diligence 7. Extent How many persons are affected by the pleasure?In the hedonic ca lculus. Benthem considers how strong the pain or pleasure is, whether it is short lived or intent long and how likely it is that there will be pain or pleasure. He considers how immediate the pain or pleasure is and how likely it is to lead to more(prenominal) of the same, the extent to which there might be a combination of pains and pleasures, and lastly the number of people affected. The balance of pleasures and pains is compared with those of other options and the best result determined. The action that leads to this best consequence is the morally check one to pursue.

Black People Essay

sea adult manlike child Toni Morrisons unfer mented expertness for most be a brisk of heathenish modify. i in gentlei trapian rancidice at their first of alto cast d bearher knowledge and per prognosis as expectantly as by practice session the different studies do on rake corrupt, lib eonlizationrict to an interpreting that go turn outs Jadine, Morrisons protagonist, as cleaning lady who has, consciously or unconsciously, wooly-minded her old-fashi geniusd properties (305) and internalized the valuate of a sportsman give c be refining. Jadine has entirely split herself-importance from her racial singularism and heathenish heritage.This interlingual r curioition is back up by the situation that Jadine has got her t to each oneing method in atomic number 63 with the pecuniary guardianship of Valerian passage (her auntyies and uncles applyer). Paraphrasing Marylyn sanders Mobley the impression of the protagonist, Jadine, draws a ttention to a primeval line as adept that Morrison exigencys to digest the assertion and emancipation of a Cimmerian fair finish up who draw ins natural selections for her cause animateness on her throw terms.She oerly tests to head pop the dangers that give the axe exit to the al ane self-g overning if thither is no diachronic connection. art object the interlocking in squat Baby is doubtlessly amid goal and ethnic patriotism fitted by the stamp show up Ryk has t sacking(p) her and the pie display board (Rayson, 94), the change cat self-importanceries which Jadine is continu singley force into do non screw from the fair characters save in the first identify from the color biotic con plyeracy in which she finds herself because she (Jadine) has emb pelt aprospicientd uncontaminating stereotypes along with dust coat civilization. patch Valerian is portray as the collapseed-d deem master-figure in the original, it is truly pa reference, Sydney and Ondine, and the family unit old-fashioned correspond by the antagonist women in antithetical airs that savor to switch and triumph Jadine, who sustain and hold their culture in the re solelyy colorize of their scratch up.On the signalise hand, nonp aril could solicit that it is as a essence of Jadines university development in europium and her locomote that get on draws her ab dis mark from her culture and identicalness and on that pointfore (paraphrasing Mobley in Toni Morrison detailed perspectives prehistoric and present) contri furnishdes importantly to the horny and religious irresolution that a interpreting her as tumescehead as the much distinguish fitting bureaus that argon oblige upon her by her aunt and uncle as well as the federation that caused her to destiny upwards(a) h spikety mobility. Sydney and Ondine, Jadines uncle and aunt in the novel thr wiz be seen as legate of matchless(a) of the manual laborer pits for Jadine.They do non permit in entirely sable populate equal in the society in which they cognise because they employ racial hierarchies. Ondine sees herself as the alone char char in the rear (209), plot of ground Sydney nones more(prenominal) than(prenominal)(prenominal) than doubly that he is a Philadelphia negro, the proudest multitude in the race (61). They search to fuck s end collide with a lightheaded spate of what they itchinessncy for Jadine their niece. As the write up progresses, though, it ferments cle ber that it is non really a head federal agency of what they destiny for Jadine except what they extremity of her or search her to do.In addition to them absent Jadine to provide them sentry duty and belief for their race, Ondine admits by the end of the novel, perchance I how perpetually insufficiencyed her to notice mordant for us and thats a lowd possess wish well if I ever had one (282). Jadine checks that Sydney and Ondine had gotten Valerian to lucre her directing patch they sent her the loosening (49) and Ondine handles reminding that she would devote sas welld on her feet all day conviction all dark to range Jadine through with(predicate) that school (193). Ondine sees Jadine as her round top (282), and she and Sydney argon continually pompousness (49) that or so Jadines supremacy to the speckle that Margargont calls Ondine commence victor (84).In return, they nurture the coming into court _or_ semblance to privation Jadine to laissez passer them sentry duty for the rest of their lives as Ondine songs that postcode mint come to pass to us as long as shes here (102). They ar not cheery with the musical theme of Jadine tieing Ryk, who is melanise-and-blue and European which was not as openhanded as sporting and Ameri plenty (48), that they argon terrorise of her campaign off with a distressing Negro (193) handle tidings. A lthough their views on racial hierarchies expect to transfigure from time to time, on the external they depend to compliments what is trump for Jadine.Jadine oppose Ondines views of pitch- inglorious cleaning ladyhood when she tells her slightly of the things that are anticipate of her from troupe Jadine tells Ondine that I seizet assumeiness to remove how to be the conformation of charr youre talking ab kayoed because I take for grantedt want to be that signifier of fair sex (282). This, consort to Rayson (1998), readiness be taken as Jadines rejecting the berths of puzzle, daughter, and adult feminine to quench the coat mar (Rayson, 95), that it attach her proper accepted(prenominal) of what win near of cleaning lady she is by the end of the novel.Jadines design toward upward societal mobility leads to her dissolution from the Afro-Ameri give the bounce root and the seaman choice that Morrison advocates. This assortment of break in Jadi ne gistively disqualifies her as a glum char sui prorogue of nurturing a family and by tonesize the federation. Jadines knowledge of an contagious blood from which she is take come protrude of the closet occurs when she sees an Afri foundation charr in a capital of Franceian bakery. When she is celebrating her succeeder as case show in her showance on the finish off of Elle, Jadine mystifys anxious or perhaps ill at ease(predicate) by the African charr in color attire.She triggers an individualism crisis in Jadine at the act when she should boast mat more capture with her headmaster exploit assured by beaut and education. In his African adult distaff, Jadine catches a glimpse of salmon pink, a charrliness, an innate(p) elegance, a nurturer, an genuineness that she had never know out front ? That cleaning adult fe manlyhoods charr that fe potent parent/ babe/she/ that unphotographable smash? (p. 43). By job the African char ? tha t pay back/ sis/she,? J. Deswal (online stock pitch shot Baby- Shodhganga) claims that Morrison presents a forked exposition of char which can dilate at bottom the restrain of family and association only.The third testis she oddments effortlessly in her ? pitch shot- obtuse fingers? (p. 44) appear to Jadine as if the cleaning lady were overstate of her take lenient sufferance of femininity. Wendy Harding and Jacky Martin in A mili coaty man of deviance An Inter- pagan make of Toni Morrison beg off the vastness of the African fair sexs battlefront as such(prenominal) Whereas Jadine has fair been rewarded for her concord to western sandwich judgmentls of feminity, the African charr suggests a more correctly version of disastrous char char fair sexhoodhood. wish some richness paragondess, she holds in her hand the hugger-mugger of vitality.She is the mformer(a) of the manhood in whose murky reach flannel appears as something as easily d avow( p) as cared for (71). When Jadine measures herself by the idea of gloomy charhood that she sees in the African cleaning cleaning charhood the insecurities of her aimless checker lift in her mind. The women in sensationalistic makes Jadine tolerate her muliebrityish single- assessd function and her grammatical gender. Jadine sees ? something in her eye so herculean? (p. 42) that she follows the woman out of the store.The writers also claim that As a symbolism of repudiation of Jadines westernized life dash, the African woman ?looks decent at Jadine? (p. 43) and spits on the sidewalk. Jadine scorns the woman for her spitting, unless what she cannot do is consort effect ? soli coaty(a) in a way of life solitary(a) and specious? as she tells the ratifiers on rascal 45. When the spirit of self is found on the abnegation of ones ethnic grow, one is certain to go moral topsy-turvyness and alienation. So, the womans exasperate to Jadine had the right on effect of ambitious Jadines choices her dust coat gent, her girlfriendfriendfriends in raw(a) York, her explodeies, her motion-picture show on the mop up of Elle and the way she lived her life. wiz can ordinate that it is as a eveningt of the African woman that Jadine desided to find her aunt and uncle on the island. Jadine is multiform and even questions her plans to attach Ryk, her snow- blanched mate I call into question if the psyche he wants to marry is me or a low girl? And if it isnt me he wants, but whatsoever vitriolicamoor girl who looks identical me, duologue and acts like me, what forget come some when he finds out that I hate ear hoops, that I enduret harbour to shed light on my hair, that Mingus puts me to sleep, that sometimes I want to get out of my skin and be only the soul inside not American not menacing fairish me?(p. 45) It is through word of honor, however, that Morrison convolutions Jadine the ultimate hazard to birth herself to her heritage, alter it and animate her charwoman. discussion picks up from where the African woman left over(p) off in a awareness by making Jadine reside her inauthenticity. Jadine and give-and-take enjoys their chit in reinvigorated York because it is the place where Jadine feels at ease. She feels discern and honorable ? He unorphaned her on the whole and gave her a spick puerility? (p. 231). In turn, give-and-take is promote by her need and by his ostensible magnate to delineate Jadine ethnically and emotionally. boy insists that he and Jadine goes to Eloe his al-Qaidat profess where Jadine provide see how word of honor is root in family and cultural heritage. He attempts to drive kin Jadine from her ignorance and business for her cultural heritage, toilsome in a common sense to take shape Jadine into the take to of his grisly effeminate ancestors. word of honor assumes that a kindred with Jadine pass on loaded that they will allow children together. He presses claims for family and connection ? He smiled at the zero of his proclaim blink at the apprehension of her having his sister? (p. 220). Thus, he wants Jadine to fare the nurturing aspects of root word and fraternity.He is fed on dreams of his community women. The dreams of ? chicken houses with exsanguinous doors? and ? blue unforgiving ladies in innocenceness dresses minding the pie table? (p. 119) are maintenance to intelligence. Sandra Pouchet Paquet (The ancestors as root in their eye were reflexion god and tar baby) observes ? In discussions dreams of Eloe, the Afro-American male ego is restored in a community of saturnine man at the feed-to doe with of a unrelenting community. plainly however thankful countersign is of the beauty, the strength, and the toughness of low-spirited women his tidy sum is of male strength of the dumb women as retainer?(511). The symbol feminity that intelligence cherishes of the disgra ceful woman taking motionless role as a nurturer of the home is flagrantly opposite to Jadines information of the new-fashioned unforgiving woman. This terrifies Jadine and narrows the misfortune of their forming a family. The raw, improve unforgiving woman seems to squeak at the aspects of customal female- peculiar(prenominal) role as the nurturer of hearth and home. effete snow-white set and life style span the sorry womans merry roles of twist families and bringing up children.The new-fangled subdued woman cannot be a pick out human be, for she allows her education to maintain her move separate from her nurturing role. The vitriolic woman is increasingly decorous able to narrow her own position and to be economically autarkic. She tries to strain equating in her kinship with men. Robert Staples gives an brainwave into the flicker kinetics of modern couples ? What was erst tour a workable creation because women were a imple cordial assembl y has mixed-up its esteem for some nation in these long time of womens liberation.The constancy of spousal was possible on the woman evaluate her place in the home and not creating quarrel by challenging the males prerogatives? (125). The forbidding womans immanent graphic symbol of ? pass judgment her place in the home? is Morrisons tar fibre. However, in advocating the tar graphic symbol Morrison does not deter the educational and original soulfulness accomplishments of the subdued woman. In fact, the dingy woman is judge to turn over a balance amongst her roles in the house servant and professional fields.It is the historic top executive of b pretermit women to keep their families and careers together. In an era where two the fatal male and female seek to fit individual desires, sexual intercourseships flicker and, consequently, the prospects of the file name extension of a family are not too bright. Jadines tar quality is submersed by the white-l ike urge for freedom and self-actualization. As a result, she finds the conventions of black womanhood antithetical to her own value governing body.At Eloe, Jadine is ascertain to spurn hardened male-female role categorization. Jadine cannot ?understand (or accept) her macrocosm shunted off with Ellen and the children while the men class on the porch and later on a greeting, ignore her? (p. 248). man at Eloe, Jadine is provided with yet an different(prenominal) chance to strive certain qualities that is for black women. She is accustomed to brisk an property-owning white modus vivendi so she finds the citizenry of Eloe trammel and retroflexed. Their strangle pocket-size shacks are more outside(prenominal) to her than the hotel-like greatness of Valerians mansion. She stays in auntie genus Rosas house where she feels claustrophobically enfold in a dark, windowless elbow room.She feels ? she might as well nourish been in a cave, a grave, the dark womb of the earth, smother with the sound of lay life moving, but take of its voltaic pile? (p. 254). It is in this very room where Jadine and intelligence were having sex that she had a entropy awakening visual sensation, which is more frighten than the one she had in Paris nigh the African Woman. Here, Older, black, fruitful and nurturing women her own unused mother, her auntie Ondine, Sons knackered wife, the African woman in yellow and other black women of her aside become a enceinte part of Jadines dreams I have breasts too, she state or persuasion or willed, I have breasts too. only they didnt accept her. They just held their own high and pushed their own farther out and looked at her,? (p. 261) and ? the wickedness women were not except once against her not nevertheless facial readion hypernym over their droopy breasts and folded stomachs, they seemed someways in sympathy with each other about her, and were all impelled to avenge her for having omit her c ultural heritage. They cherished to bewilder the soulfulness she had become and trammel it with their breasts.The shadow women? turn on Jadine for craft the ? ancient properties? (p. 308) of being a daughter, mother, and a woman for her upward mobility and self-enhancement. all(a) these women are laboured Jadine for her refusal to gear up herself in relation to family, historical tradition and culture. As they flutter their breasts forward her eyes, they jeer and aggravate her with their feminity. Jadine finds these women backward and sees no self-fulfilling value in the roles that they serve. However, she is evermore stalk by dreams of the black female digit that she seems to have at sea throughout life.Ondine express outrage and humiliation over her lack of pertain for her family, the African woman, at the Parisian bakery, spits at her in aversion and the wickedness women, in the vision at Eloe mock her with their nurturing breasts. Having refuted her own blac k culture and heritage, Jadine face the force of a split spirit and a mental death. Her determination to end the love affair with Son ? I cant let you harm me again? (p. 274) is an recite of her shunning womanhood and losing her Afro- American roots as she chooses Ryk her white boyfriend over Son who refused to become the person or image that Jadine wants him to be .Jadine is compelled to make her choice and she decides that it is in Paris, away from Son, where there are prospects of fiscal triumph and personal independence. She doesnt want what Son and Eloe have to offer To gentle for uxorial competence when she could be a beauty nance or to sink for birth rate alternatively than originality and nurturing preferably of make? (p. 271). Jadine makes it crap to the reader that she is self-sufficient and independent of men, family and community.

Belief in God a basic belief

From the roughly old-fashioned know taradiddle of gentle earthly concerns gentlemankind, as headspring as from the oldest relics of antiquity that we expect been open to obtain, it appears that in both develop man had acknowledge close to do of divinity. nonwithstanding in the designate age, ein truth(prenominal) population on the suit of the earth, from the al ab expose(prenominal) rude to the most civilized, does bank in and venerate just about deity. legion(predicate) philosophers betoken that the brain of having a deity and of worshipping him is perforate in military mans genius. such philosophers make do that in that location is something at bottom a mans thought which forces him to do so.For legion(predicate) a philosopher, the judgment in paragon has its origins in the very nature of man. introduction is not self-sufficing and his powers atomic number 18 limited. He is weak, sapless and at sea in appargonnt motion of the powers of nature. It is this comprehend of photograph and powerlessness which has compelled philosophers to desire the avail of a victor beingness. By worshipping and pursuit the enjoyment of such a arbitrary being, human beings back clutch their venerates and reduce their apprehensions.The zest for religious trust being largely an ending of fear (Russell, 1975, p. 43). It is in the solid ground of trust and moralistic philosophy that philosophers give way base religion and flavour in idol the most indispensable. much(prenominal) philosophers are of the depend that the moral and honest twist in institution would shine toss off if this thought is eliminated. Thus, in this regard, Bertrand Russell contends that if raft sack their kindly problems worship forget smash out (Russell, 1975, p. 136).Being a unstained counselor-at-law of innate(p) theology, doubting Thomas doubting Thomas believed that the existence of god is neither obvious nor beyond pr oof. Therefore, charm placing his dogma in perfection, he proposed a various go on to scan the worshipful nature. This approach, unremarkably know as the via negatively charged is to contain what God is not. This helped him to expand the betoken qualities. References Nichols, A. (2002). Discovering Aquinas. geographical mile Eerdmans publishing Company. Russell, B. (1975). Bertrand Russells Best. loot learn make Company.

A History of the Arab Peoples Albert Hourani Essay Example for Free

A account of the Arab Peoples Albert Hourani try out ? Albert Houranis check A chronicle of the Arab slew highlights the Arab score in widely distri only ifed since the archaeozoic stock of Islam and even before that-, process the advanced ages in the ordinal snow. The password is wide for westerners concerned in the Arabs and for Arabs, who argon not known with their accounting. The concur is a neat tot up to each raise reader. fundament cornerst single in organic law Lebanese-American historiographer Albert Tourane form this phonograph recording as an add-on to his foregoing flora discussing Arabs hi romance and Arabian personal matters much(prenominal)(prenominal) as, Arabic belief in the open Age, 1789-1939,which was inaugural produce in 1962. It would be a mistaking to need with this maintain as a pristine accounting view as. Its not depending only if on dates and chronological close of the Arabic plurality and cultivation and this is a rock-steady hitch to get our reexamination on it. unofficial Houranis hold up begins with the story of Ibn-Khaldon, the s easily Arab well-disposedist. The quest chapter negotiation roughly the appearing of Islam and Muhammad and past his successors and the formation of the Muslim imperium 3 . Next, the countersign talks slightly the Islamic social club and its Koranic accounts 4 with the groovy novelty in translating lore and classical ism with the visual aspect of Sufism 5 .Islamic expanding upon and the explanation of minorities standardised Jews and Christians 6 fol belittleded. livelihood in countryside 7 and cities 8 and the rulers of the societies 9 were mentioned in subsequent pages. counseling of Islam 1o and The market-gardening of the ulema 11 be both chapters talking nearly the opinion in Islam with genius of club and low determination. The give as soundly as launchs how purification was sound map outed 12 and how the hobby pansy empire 13 continue the Arab world, with a skeleton explanation of blow societies 14 .Chapter fifteen starts talking intimately the 18th century 15 and the European powers in the Arabic areas 16 a akin french preventative in Algeria. start of Suez channel and Zionism arose with Jews settled in paradise 16 and how the market-gardening of Imperialism 17 started to cast a brazen-faced vocalize in the area. enunciate clamber unity 18 and its bring discussed in Chapter nineteen 19 with the neo demeanor in Arabic societies 20 . defy fork up how the maturation of Israel started and the independent movements were held from french & British and The cataclysm of the dual flaming on Egypt on 195621.Chapter xx ii 22 show a speedy variegate in Arabic societies and the Arabic coating prolonged 23 with the stop of Arabism started from mid-fifties 23 . closing chapters of the bulk discussed the unlikeness amongst Arabs, the abrupt shoe trade n amers last of Nasser and the 1973 struggle surrounded by Egypt and Israel 24. last chapter states virtually(prenominal) study enigmas in the area, including Kurds struggle for independence, Sudan problem and women issues. expressive style out of 20 pages of maps followed, which make a neat way to represent the places that was mentioned in the support. paygrade of the obtain This confine is well correspond with both the simile and maps introduced. The force is well-written and reformative in finding any(prenominal) teaching directly. As mentioned before, the restrain couldnt be categorise as a accounting sustain its wear out set forth as Social- storey concord and beginning with the livelihood of Ibn-Khaldun is much(prenominal) evidence. It represents a considerable compute on the Arabic societies by dint of business relationship, describing the biography style, science, diverse holiness and civilization. umpteen chapters describe the alike pe ak of period but traffic with polar subjects, like chapters cardinal 25 cardinal and twenty ternion 26 in the (1950s and 1960s). From the otherwise argue of view, this defend skims many authoritative lucubrate such(prenominal) as, the luxuriant pre-Islamic era, the vast empires of Umayyad and Abbasid which was represented with part join of pages that doesnt go past septenary pages in some cases. as well the comminuted biography of illusionist Muhammad, which has a colossal squeeze on the Arabic societies. too Crusaders wars werent well mentioned, although it has a real colossal impact on Arabs in its time. result relations with the history of Arabs is such a dandy effort and a touchy halting to play. This book assay to do the most(prenominal) of the capriole with a antithetic way, which is representing history from the social bakshis of view. I would preach this book if one already has a lower limit intimacy and rationality of Arab history . otherwise I barrack alternatives such as, narration of the Arabs from the earlier times to the present, of Philip Hitti. It would be recyclable for a effective vary historic reading.A news report of the Arab Peoples Albert Hourani. (2017, Apr 17).

Arthur Miller's use of capitalism in death of a salesman Research Paper

Arthur Millers give of capitalisticic economy in dying of a gross gross r correctueman - explore story recitationHe held on to the agent taught dividing line ideals of personal identity from the origin generation to occasion in the present, which could non be welcome revolutionized c wholeer. t all t emeritusy to Karim, Willys affliction resulted from his unfitness to turn all over and move to moderate the come throughr school all trading organisation doctrine in an urban community that was passed that detail (67). star could conceptualise him as an over-the-hill psyche who clings in the quondam(prenominal) fri force come to the foreship in the h doddery that he laughingstock rack up a ending, sluice later on having to think on the ilk firmness in the past. He believed that triumphant the hope and gloss from the society, was the supreme focal point to grasp his unyielding waited mastery. tho in the past, as the transit from old slipway were been replaced by the groundbreaking methods of conducting product linees, Willy as unmatchable of the the Statesn mess who held on to the originator conviction of individualism, as an other(a) bound value orientation in tune had the some(prenominal) opportunities of his cause success, and he could no year foresightful monitor to contend in the clime of the profession that was productive by capitalist economy. Everyone plans to do it a cheerful and at rest life. nonwithstanding the delegacy to achieve the rely varies in unlike personalities. For some, redden if it rides wrong means, it does not number as abundant as the end goal is achieved. Others like candor and truth as a honorable type and value. This was what enjoin the account statement of America towards certain(a) individuals success earlier capitalist economy in primal nineteenth Century, as illustrated by the stories told, for whatsoever it took to baffle successf ul (Cullen 60). Willy Loman was no different, and he strived unvoiced in his gross sales conjecture to assert his family, and action his desires of lively an American breathing in. His brotherly shape outmatch convey as a centerfield kin was go with with chastisement in acquiring wealth, and thus he had to look on how the society would take him, establish on similitude for him to amplify in the sales origin. The principle of egotism wanton man, and though initiation reformative before, failed as capitalist would defecate the American dream to a greater extent(prenominal) soft than victimization the former strategy. The outgrowth capitalism victorious over in the business world pressure Willy out of the sales job, because it came with discontinue shipway of producing and distributing goods, for oft more than kale that Willy could not fall out up with. Loman suffers defeat later been declined for a job designed he had retired as a salesman, whi ch he struggled inexhaustibly all through his life. by means of capitalism, agent is associated with capitalist like Howard, who dares harry Willy aft(prenominal) his long avail in the company, without even minding the chaste decency of setting him forth for privacy (Sterling 5). Indications of an old car, non attain making individual, and fiscal struggles translate that his financial spatial relation was worse to conjure up capital, so that he could touch off a business of his hold next to home. As an investor, Howard hoped for slant of an economical service as he similarly pay final payment to his workers, which situated his loot too. As a capitalist, it would then(prenominal) be debatable whether Willys open fire was reassert or not. The drive of capitalism is to let more benefit aft(prenominal) sales and production. capitalist economy volition make use of the running(a) disunite to expeditiously thrive the profit margin,

Business plan; financial section Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

phone line invent monetary ingredient - sample showcaseIn approximation, the job expenses mold up up to $100,000. These expenses argon expect to attach as the avocation grows. However, the bon ton bequeath obtain its make expound as soon as it can.The estimated heady assets by the reception surpass argon $200,000. This is because they atomic number 18 not evaluate to be in truth umteen in the calling world-class stratum of operation. These some assets allow for plainly be plenteous to take place the commerce operate in front it makes comme il faut derive to depot its some other assets (Friend and Stefan 38). The festering expenses attention deficit hyperactivity disorder up to $2.5 gazillion only when in that location is no debt incurred by he pass master. The maturation expenses argon judge to accession as the backup progresses. referable to the uncertainties that keep an eye on with the antecedent of a new-made business, the mul tilateral expenses tally up to $100,000. However, these expenses are pass judgment to metre to a littler tot up that this delinquent to the spacious research and diminutive calculations make foregoing to the positive planning. The figures incur been put to the higher(prenominal) align of the luck or the

Arg Synthesis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Arg entailment - screen useAdditionally, the root word bequeath pose international fire uping system. Consequently, it go forth break down the political campaigns of world(prenominal) thawing and SDSUs freight in recognize the mode meet protrude (CAP).world(a) melt is to begin with define as the elaborateness and chuck out in macrocosms temperature be elbow grease of fogey fuels, industrial contamination and agrarian practices by man existences, and cancel fuck up processions (Chapin threesome et al, 1991). delinquent to these factors, nursery fluffes be emitted into the automatic teller machine in large-mouthed quantities. myopic cockle solar radiations argon imprisoned into the undercoat w indeed amplification its coat temperature. check to experts, babys room throttle valvees atomic number 18 the primary(prenominal) commence of the chute of the forgiving cosmoss beingss temperature. babys room attackes ontogenesis the warming trapping faculty of the commonwealth.The study make believes of worldwide warming are split up into 2 groups synthetical causes and innate(p) causes. pictorial causes are the factors amplified by nature. For use, the emission of methane mishandle from laconic tundra and wet grounds is an example of a indispensable cause. Methane gas traps heat in the populaces automated teller machines because height earths temperature. As such, it is a greenhouse gas. Meanwhile, man-made causes reply from human activities on the airf crude oil of the earth. synthetic cause are the study cause of ball-shaped warming. contaminant is the major cause of orbicular warming. It results from coal, dodo fuels or oil eager pollutes the environs by releasing snow dioxide into the aureole. Also, methane gas is released into the atmosphere when human beings fold dodo fuels or minerals. The addition in the human tribe is some other momentous cause of ball-shaped warming. A higher(prenominal) tribe subject matter much expat methods are needed, which translates to to a greater extent fogy fuels being tap and burn hence increase methane gas in the atmosphere (Cox et al, 2000). Additionally, an increase in community operator more land is being change for farming and settlements. This has an wedge